As electric cars and other electric vehicles (EVs) gain popularity, many people want to know: How long electric car battery last?
New EV batteries are built to last longer than the drivetrain components of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Most EVs today have batteries that can match or exceed the lifespan of ICE vehicles.
Understanding EV Batteries
Electric cars run on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are more energy-dense than the lead-acid ones used in ICE vehicles.
They also outperform the nickel-cadmium batteries used in some hybrids. Lithium-ion batteries deliver more power for their size, making them perfect for EVs.
EVs are simpler and more efficient than ICE vehicles because they rely solely on their battery.
Over the past 30 years, the cost of lithium-ion batteries has dropped by 97%. Experts predict EVs will soon cost the same as ICE vehicles to produce.
Why Do EV Batteries Degrade?
EV batteries degrade due to three main factors: temperature, charge cycles, and time. Warm climates can shorten the lifespan of an EV battery. Regular use, like charging and discharging, also reduces battery capacity over time.
However, even if an EV battery is not used, it still experiences some degradation over time, known as calendar degradation.
EV batteries include battery management systems (BMS). These systems regulate charging and discharging to extend battery life. Most degradation happens due to temperature or aging, not daily use.
How Long Can You Expect an EV Battery to Last?
By law, EV manufacturers must offer a battery warranty of 8 years or 100,000 miles. In California, this warranty extends to 10 years or 150,000 miles.
Newer EV batteries are designed with improved technology that increases their energy capacity and lifespan. Larger batteries with higher mile range are now more affordable to produce.
Even as they degrade, newer batteries still maintain better mileage than older models.
Additionally, EV batteries are made up of many cells, so you don’t need to replace the entire battery if it degrades. Instead, you can replace individual cells to save money.
EV Battery Life in Kilometers?
The EV battery life is typically between 160,000 and 320,000 kilometers (100,000 and 200,000 miles). However, some factors can affect the battery’s lifespan, including:
- Charging: Deep discharging the battery or using direct current rapid charging (DCRC) too frequently can degrade the battery.
- Maintenance: Not servicing the car according to the manufacturer’s instructions or doing repairs improperly can void the warranty.
- Real-World Performance: Even older EV batteries can retain a high percentage of their capacity. For example, some Tesla Model S batteries have maintained over 90% of their capacity after 250,000 kilometers.
EV Battery Longevity vs. ICE Vehicles
The average warranty for EV batteries (8 years or 100,000 miles) is longer than the drivetrain warranty for ICE vehicles, which is 5 years or 60,000 miles.
Most ICE vehicles last around 133,000 miles. In contrast, EV batteries are estimated to last around 200,000 miles. Some manufacturers promise much higher mileage.
For example, Tesla is working on a million-mile battery, and they claim they are close to achieving this.
On average, EV batteries lose just 2.3% of their capacity per year. They can last as long as or longer than ICE vehicle components with proper care.
How to Extend Your EV Battery Life?
EV batteries are durable, but you can take steps to make them last even longer:
- Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Every EV is different. Follow the recommended charging and maintenance tips for your specific vehicle. Keep your EV software updated.
- Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Store and operate your EV in moderate climates. If you live in a hot area, park in shaded spots or garages. EVs with liquid-cooled batteries maintain better longevity in warm climates.
- Limit Rapid Charging: Use direct current rapid charging (DCRC) sparingly. Regular charging methods help reduce battery degradation over time.
The Second Life of EV Batteries
When an EV battery can no longer efficiently power a car, it can still serve other purposes. At about 70% of its original capacity, it can pair with solar panels to power homes.
Many manufacturers buy back old EV batteries for sustainable projects like powering sports arenas. This ensures your EV battery continues to have a positive environmental impact even after it leaves your car.
Also Read: Why Are EVs So Expensive? Exploring the High Costs of EVs
Conclusion
EV batteries are becoming more affordable, durable, and efficient. They last longer than most ICE components and improve every year. With proper care, your EV battery will serve you well for years.
Batteries can contribute to sustainable energy solutions even after its life in your car. The future of EV batteries is bright, ensuring both reliability and sustainability for consumers.
